Minna no Nihongo Lesson 18 Vocabulary

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Minna No Nihongo is one of the most popular textbooks for learning Japanese. In Lesson 18, we explore essential vocabulary related to actions and states of being. Whether you’re preparing for the JLPT N5 or just starting your Japanese journey, mastering these words will boost your confidence in communication.

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 18 Vocabulary Practice

Japanese English   Indonesian Vietnamese
切る (きる) to cut   memotong cắt
足りる (たりる) to be enough, to be sufficient   cukup đủ
使う (つかう) to use   menggunakan sử dụng
作る (つくる) to make, to create   membuat tạo ra
持つ (もつ) to hold, to have   memegang có, giữ
取る (とる) to take   mengambil lấy
調べる (しらべる) to investigate, to check   memeriksa kiểm tra
教える (おしえる) to teach   mengajar dạy
習う (ならう) to learn (from someone)   belajar học
借りる (かりる) to borrow   meminjam mượn
貸す (かす) to lend   meminjamkan cho mượn
送る (おくる) to send   mengirim gửi
貸し出す (かしだす) to lend (something)   meminjamkan cho mượn
帰る (かえる) to return, to go back   kembali trở về
遊ぶ (あそぶ) to play, to enjoy oneself   bermain chơi
見学する (けんがくする) to visit, to tour (for study)   mengunjungi tham quan
走る (はしる) to run   berlari chạy
泳ぐ (およぐ) to swim   berenang bơi
読む (よむ) to read   membaca đọc
書く (かく) to write   menulis viết
食べる (たべる) to eat   makan ăn
見る (みる) to see, to look   melihat xem
聞く (きく) to listen, to ask   mendengar, bertanya nghe, hỏi
話す (はなす) to speak, to talk   berbicara nói
買う (かう) to buy   membeli mua
売る (うる) to sell   menjual bán
寝る (ねる) to sleep   tidur ngủ
起きる (おきる) to wake up   bangun thức dậy
勉強する (べんきょうする) to study   belajar học
旅行する (りょこうする) to travel   bepergian du lịch
遊園地 (ゆうえんち) amusement park   taman hiburan công viên giải trí
映画館 (えいがかん) movie theater   bioskop rạp chiếu phim
Minna no Nihongo Lesson 18 Vocabulary
Minna no Nihongo Lesson 18 Vocabulary

Additional Vocabulary for Better Conversation Skills:

Japanese English   Indonesian Vietnamese
元気 (げんき) healthy, energetic   sehat, energik khỏe mạnh, năng động
すごい amazing, great   luar biasa tuyệt vời
大丈夫 (だいじょうぶ) okay, alright   tidak apa-apa ổn
本当に (ほんとうに) really, truly   benar-benar thật sự
ありがとう thank you   terima kasih cảm ơn
すみません excuse me, sorry   permisi, maaf xin lỗi
こんにちは hello, good afternoon   halo, selamat sore xin chào, chào buổi chiều
お疲れ様 (おつかれさま) good job, thank you for your hard work   terima kasih, kerja bagus cảm ơn, làm việc tốt
どうぞ please, go ahead   silakan làm ơn
何ですか (なんですか) What is it?   apa itu? cái gì?
いくら how much?   berapa bao nhiêu

Grammar Notes from Lesson 18

Root Verb (るけい) Examples and Usage

  1. たべる (to eat)
    • Plain Form: たべる
    • Polite Form: たべます
    • Example 1:
      • Plain: ごはんをたべるのが好きです。
        (I like eating rice.)
      • Polite: ごはんをたべますのが好きです。
  2. みる (to see/watch)
    • Plain Form: みる
    • Polite Form: みます
    • Example 2:
      • Plain: 映画をみる時間がありません。
        (I don’t have time to watch a movie.)
      • Polite: 映画をみます時間がありません。
  3. ねる (to sleep)
    • Plain Form: ねる
    • Polite Form: ねます
    • Example 3:
      • Plain: 毎日、11時にねるようにしています。
        (I try to sleep at 11 o’clock every day.)
      • Polite: 毎日、11時にねますようにしています。
  4. あける (to open)
    • Plain Form: あける
    • Polite Form: あけます
    • Example 4:
      • Plain: ドアをあけると、外が寒かったです。
        (When I opened the door, it was cold outside.)
      • Polite: ドアをあけますと、外が寒かったです。
  5. かりる (to borrow)
    • Plain Form: かりる
    • Polite Form: かります
    • Example 5:
      • Plain: 友だちに本をかりる予定です。
        (I plan to borrow a book from my friend.)
      • Polite: 友だちに本をかります予定です。
Minna no Nihongo Lesson 18 Vocabulary
Minna no Nihongo Lesson 18 Vocabulary

Supporting Grammar

  1. ~のが好きです (I like doing ~)
    • Example: 本を読むのが好きです。
      (I like reading books.)
  2. ~時間がありません (I don’t have time to do ~)
    • Example: 宿題をする時間がありません。
      (I don’t have time to do my homework.)
  3. ~ようにしています (I try to do ~ regularly)
    • Example: 毎日、運動するようにしています。
      (I try to exercise every day.)
  4. ~と (when/if ~)
    • Example: 朝、コーヒーを飲むと元気になります。
      (When I drink coffee in the morning, I feel energized.)
  5. ~予定です (I plan to do ~)
    • Example: 明日、映画を見に行く予定です。
      (I plan to go see a movie tomorrow.)

1. 〜ために (ために) (For)

Japanese English Nepali Indonesian Vietnamese
〜ために In order to   untuk để

Explanation:

  • Used to indicate purpose or goal.
  • It attaches to a verb in its dictionary form to express the reason for doing something.

Example:

  • 日本語を勉強するために日本に来ました。
    (I came to Japan to study Japanese.)
  • 私は健康のために運動しています。
    (I exercise for the sake of my health.)

2. 〜んです (〜のです)

Japanese English   Indonesian Vietnamese
〜んです It is that…   itu karena… là vì…

Explanation:

  • Used to give an explanation or reason for something.
  • The sentence can be used in both casual and formal situations.

Example:

  • 今日は行けないんです。
    (I can’t go today because of [a certain reason].)
  • 何か質問があるんですか?
    (Do you have any questions?)

3. 〜てもいいですか

Japanese English   Indonesian Vietnamese
〜てもいいですか Is it okay to…?   Bolehkah…? Có được… không?

Explanation:

  • I used to ask for permission to do something.

Example:

  • このペンを使ってもいいですか?
    (Is it okay if I use this pen?)
  • ここに座ってもいいですか?
    (Is it okay to sit here?)

4. 〜なくてもいいですか

Japanese English   Indonesian Vietnamese
〜なくてもいいですか Is it okay not to…?   Apakah tidak perlu…? Có được không nếu không…?

Explanation:

  • Used to ask if it’s okay not to do something.

Example:

  • この仕事をしなくてもいいですか?
    (Is it okay if I don’t do this job?)
  • 宿題を出さなくてもいいですか?
    (Is it okay if I don’t submit the homework?)

5. 〜ことができる

Japanese English   Indonesian Vietnamese
〜ことができる Can (do something)   bisa (melakukan sesuatu) có thể làm (gì đó)

Explanation:

  • Used to express the ability or possibility to do something.

Example:

  • 日本語を話すことができます。
    (I can speak Japanese.)
  • ピアノが弾けることができます。
    (I can play the piano.)

6. 〜たり〜たりする

Japanese English   Indonesian Vietnamese
〜たり〜たりする Do things like… and…   melakukan sesuatu seperti… dan… làm những việc như… và…

Explanation:

  • Used to give examples of actions. It connects verbs in the past tense to show a list of activities.

Example:

  • 週末は映画を見たり、買い物したりします。
    (On the weekend, I watch movies and go shopping, among other things.)
  • 朝は走ったり、ストレッチしたりします。
    (In the morning, I run and stretch, and so on.)

7. 〜そうです (〜そうな)

Japanese English   Indonesian Vietnamese
〜そうです It looks like…   kelihatannya… trông có vẻ như…

Explanation:

  • Used to describe something based on appearance or to report hearsay information.

Example:

  • あのレストランは美味しそうです。
    (That restaurant looks delicious.)
  • 明日は雨が降るそうです。
    (I heard that it will rain tomorrow.)

8. 〜ないでください

Japanese English   Indonesian Vietnamese
〜ないでください Please do not…   Tolong jangan… Xin đừng…

Explanation:

  • A polite way to ask someone not to do something.

Example:

  • 教室で大声を出さないでください。
    (Please do not shout in the classroom.)
  • ここでタバコを吸わないでください。
    (Please do not smoke here.)

9. 〜ので

Japanese English   Indonesian Vietnamese
〜ので Because…   karena… vì…

Explanation:

  • Used to give a reason for something, typically in a softer or more explanatory tone.

Example:

  • 今日は忙しいので、後で電話します。
    (Because I am busy today, I will call you later.)
  • 明日は休みなので、遊びに行きます。
    (Because tomorrow is a holiday, I will go out to play.)

10. 〜ながら

Japanese English   Indonesian Vietnamese
〜ながら While doing…   sambil vừa làm…

Explanation:

  • It is used to express two actions happening simultaneously.

Example:

  • 音楽を聞きながら勉強します。
    (I study while listening to music.)
  • ご飯を食べながら話しましょう。
    (Let’s talk while eating.)

Conclusion:

By incorporating these vocabulary words into your practice, you can improve your conversational skills in Japanese and better understand various expressions used in daily interactions. These words are useful for casual conversations and formal settings, helping you feel more confident communicating with native speakers.

Feel free to practice these words regularly and try to use them in different sentence contexts!

FAQs for Lesson 18

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What is the best way to learn kanji in this lesson?

Focus on recognizing kanji in context. Write them down multiple times and learn their radicals to understand the meaning

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