Minna No Nihongo Lesson 29 Vocabulary: Here’s an overview of the key vocabulary from Lesson 29 of Minna No Nihongo, focusing on common expressions, verbs, adjectives, and nouns introduced in this chapter.
Minna No Nihongo Lesson 29 Vocabulary Practice.
| Japanese | English | Indonesian | Vietnamese | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| あきます (開きます) | Open (intransitive) | Terbuka | Mở (tự động từ) | |
| しまります (閉まります) | Close (intransitive) | Tertutup | Đóng (tự động từ) | |
| つきます | Turn on | Menyala | Bật lên | |
| きえます (消えます) | Turn off, disappear | Mati, hilang | Tắt, biến mất | |
| こわれます (壊れます) | Break (intransitive) | Rusak | Hỏng (tự động từ) | |
| われます (割れます) | Break, smash | Pecah | Vỡ (tự động từ) | |
| 折れます (折れます) | Break, snap | Patah | Gãy | |
| やぶれます (破れます) | Tear (intransitive) | Robek | Rách | |
| よごれます (汚れます) | Get dirty | Kotor | Bị bẩn | |
| つきます (付きます) | Be attached | Melekat | Gắn vào | |
| はずれます (外れます) | Be undone | Lepas | Bung ra | |
| とまります (止まります) | Stop, park | Berhenti | Dừng lại | |
| まちがえます | Make a mistake | Salah | Nhầm lẫn | |
| おとします (落とします) | Drop, lose | Menjatuhkan, kehilangan | Đánh rơi, làm mất | |
| かかります | Be locked | Terkunci | Bị khóa | |
| ふきます | Wipe | Mengelap | Lau chùi | |
| とりかえます | Replace | Mengganti | Thay thế | |
| かたづけます | Put in order | Merapikan | Sắp xếp | |
| さら (皿) | Plate, dish | Piring | Đĩa | |
| コップ | Glass, cup | Gelas | Ly | |
| ガラス | Glass (material) | Kaca | Kính | |
| ふくろ (袋) | Bag | Kantong | Túi | |
| さいふ (財布) | Wallet | Dompet | Ví tiền | |
| えだ (枝) | Branch, twig | Cabang | Cành cây | |
| えきいん (駅員) | Station staff | Petugas stasiun | Nhân viên nhà ga | |
| このへん (この辺) | Around here | Sekitar sini | Khu vực này | |
| ～へん (～辺) | Around ~ | Sekitar ~ | Khu vực ~ | |
| おさきにどうぞ | Please go ahead | Silakan duluan | Xin mời đi trước | |
| わすれもの (忘れ物) | Forgotten item | Barang tertinggal | Đồ để quên | |
| おぼえていません | I don’t remember | Saya tidak ingat | Tôi không nhớ | |
| たしか | I believe, if I’m correct | Kalau tidak salah | Tôi tin rằng | |
| たおれます (倒れます) | Fall down | Jatuh | Ngã | |
| ほう (方) | Direction, way | Arah | Hướng |
Grammars
1. 自動讃動語 (定像) – Automatic and Passive Verbs
Japanese:
自動語は「何かが自分で動く」ことを表します。例えば、「ものが開きます」というように使います。
English:
Automatic verbs express that something happens by itself, such as “The door opens” rather than “Someone opens the door.” for video class, click here
Indonesian:
Kata kerja otomatis menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu terjadi dengan sendirinya, seperti “Pintu terbuka” bukan “Seseorang membuka pintu.”
Vietnamese:
Động từ tự động diễn tả rằng một hành động xảy ra tự nhiên, như “Cửa mở” thay vì “Ai đó mở cửa.”
Example:
- 開きます (The door opens.)
- 閉まります (The door closes.)
2. 予想と例外 (診断する)
Japanese:
予想と異なる状況を表すために「~ かもしれない」を使います。
English:
Used to express unexpected situations or predictions using “~ might” or “~ may.”
1. 自動讃動語 (定像) – Automatic and Passive Verbs
Japanese:
自動語は「何かが自分で動く」ことを表します。例えば、「ものが開きます」というように使います。
English:
Automatic verbs express that something happens by itself, such as “The door opens” rather than “Someone opens the door.”
Indonesian:
Kata kerja otomatis menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu terjadi dengan sendirinya, seperti “Pintu terbuka” bukan “Seseorang membuka pintu.”
Vietnamese:
Động từ tự động diễn tả rằng một hành động xảy ra tự nhiên, như “Cửa mở” thay vì “Ai đó mở cửa.”
Example:
- 開きます (The door opens.)
- 閉まります (The door closes.)
2. 予想と例外 (診断する)
Japanese:
予想と異なる状況を表すために「~ かもしれない」を使います。
English:
Used to express unexpected situations or predictions using “~ might” or “~ may.”
Indonesian:
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan situasi yang tidak terduga atau prediksi menggunakan “~ mungkin.”
Vietnamese:
Dùng để diễn tả những tình huống không ngờ hoặc dự đoán bằng “~ có thể.”
Formula:
- Verb Plain Form + かもしれない
Example:
- あめがふるかもしれない。 (It might rain.)
- かれがくるかもしれない。(He might come.)
3. 伸びす・削る (States of Change)
Japanese:
「ものの変化」を表す。
English:
Used to express states of change, such as increasing or decreasing something.
Conclusion
Lesson 29 of Minna no Nihongo introduces essential vocabulary for describing states, conditions, and changes, making it a pivotal chapter for learners advancing their Japanese communication skills. The verbs in this lesson focus on intransitive forms, which are key for expressing what happens to objects without indicating a direct agent. This allows learners to describe situations such as something breaking, opening, or turning on/off, which are vital for everyday conversations.