Minna No Nihongo Lesson 20 Vocabulary

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Minna no Nihongo is a widely-used textbook series for Japanese learners, offering a comprehensive approach to grammar, vocabulary, and practical communication. Lesson 20 introduces an exciting range of vocabulary that builds upon earlier lessons and deepens learners’ ability to express themselves in Japanese. This article explores the key vocabulary introduced in Lesson 20, its meanings, and usage examples.

Minna No Nihongo Lesson 20 Vocabulary practice

Grammar Points Of Minna no Nihongo, lesson 20

1. ～が要(い)ります (Need ～)

Grammar	English		Indonesian	Vietnamese
Structure	Noun + が + いります		Kata benda + が + いります	Danh từ + が + いります
Usage	To indicate something is needed or required		Untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang dibutuhkan atau diperlukan	Dùng để chỉ điều gì đó là cần thiết
Example Sentence	ビザがいります。			Cần visa.

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2. ～と考(かんが)えます / 思(おも)います (I think ～)

Grammar	English		Indonesian	Vietnamese
Structure	Clause + と + 考えます/思います		Kalimat + と + 考えます/思います	Câu + と + 考えます/思います
Usage	Used to express thoughts or opinions		Untuk menyatakan pemikiran atau pendapat	Để diễn đạt suy nghĩ hoặc ý kiến
Example Sentence	日本は物価が高いと思います。		Saya pikir harga barang di Jepang mahal.	Tôi nghĩ giá cả ở Nhật Bản đắt.

3. Informal Speech for Questions and Answers

Grammar	English		Indonesian	Vietnamese
Structure	Informal sentence ending without です or ます		Akhir kalimat informal tanpa です atau ます	Câu không chính thức không kết thúc bằng です hoặc ます
Usage	Commonly used in casual conversations		Biasanya digunakan dalam percakapan santai	Thường được sử dụng trong giao tiếp thân mật
Example Sentence	今何してるの？		Sedang apa sekarang?	Bạn đang làm gì vậy?

4. けど (… but …)

Grammar	English		Indonesian	Vietnamese
Structure	Clause A + けど + Clause B		Kalimat A + けど + Kalimat B	Câu A + けど + Câu B
Usage	Used to connect two clauses where the second contradicts or adds to the first		Digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua kalimat yang kedua berlawanan atau menambah kalimat pertama	Dùng để nối hai câu mà câu thứ hai trái ngược hoặc bổ sung cho câu thứ nhất
Example Sentence	日本語は難しいけど、面白いです。		Bahasa Jepang sulit, tetapi menarik.	Tiếng Nhật khó, nhưng thú vị.

5. どっち / こっち / そっち / あっち (Which / This / That direction)

Grammar			Indonesian	Vietnamese
Structure	どっち / こっち / そっち / あっち + [Verb or Phrase]		どっち / こっち / そっち / あっち + [Kata kerja atau Frasa]	どっち / こっち / そっち / あっち + [Động từ hoặc Cụm từ]
Usage	Used to indicate directions or locations		Digunakan untuk menunjukkan arah atau lokasi	Được sử dụng để chỉ hướng hoặc vị trí
Example Sentence	どっちが安いですか？		Mana yang lebih murah?	Cái nào rẻ hơn?

6. ～んです (Explanatory tone)

Grammar	English		Indonesian	Vietnamese
Structure	[Verb (plain form)] + んです		[Kata kerja (bentuk biasa)] + んです	[Động từ (dạng thông thường)] + んです
Usage	Adds an explanatory or clarifying tone to the sentence			Thêm sắc thái giải thích hoặc làm rõ cho câu
Example Sentence	遅れたんです。		Saya terlambat.	Tôi đến muộn.

7. Informal Pronouns (ぼく, きみ, ～くん)

Grammar	English		Indonesian	Vietnamese
Structure	ぼく (I), きみ (you), ～くん (Mr.)		ぼく (saya), きみ (kamu), ～くん (Tuan)	ぼく (tôi), きみ (cậu), ～くん (anh/chàng)
Usage	Informal pronouns commonly used among friends or in casual settings		Kata ganti informal yang biasa digunakan di antara teman atau dalam situasi santai	Đại từ không chính thức thường được sử dụng giữa bạn bè hoặc trong các tình huống thân mật
Example Sentence	ぼくの自転車です。		Ini sepeda saya.	Đây là xe đạp của tôi.

 

Worksheets

Worksheet 1: Fill in the Blanks

Instructions: Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the grammar.

1. ビザが _____ （いります / いりません）。
2. 日本の生活はどう思いますか？ _____（楽しい / 難しい）と思います。
3. この本が欲しいんですか？ _____（はい / いいえ）、欲しいんです。
4. どっちが _____ （高い / 安い）ですか？
5. 昨日、どこへ行ったんですか？友達の家に _____（行きました / 行きませんでした）。

Worksheet 2: Match the Columns

Instructions: Match the phrases in Column A with the appropriate responses in Column B.

Column A	Column B
1. どっちが早いですか？	a. ぼくが直します。
2. この問題をどうするの？	b. バスのほうが早いです。
3. パーティーに行く？	c. ううん、行かないよ。
4. なぜ来なかったんですか？	d. 用事があったんです。

Worksheet 3: Rewrite in Informal Style

Instructions: Rewrite the following sentences in an informal tone.

1. 私は学生です。
2. あなたはどこに行きますか？
3. ビザが必要ですか？
4. 今、何をしていますか？
5. 彼はどこに住んでいますか？

Worksheet 4: Translation Practice

Instructions: Translate the following sentences into your language.

1. Do you need a visa?
2. I think this restaurant is expensive.
3. Which way is faster, this way or that way?
4. Why didn’t you come to the meeting?
5. He is fixing the computer now.

Key Vocabulary from Lesson 20

1. ござる (ございます)

   • Meaning: A polite form of ある (to be/exist) or あります.

   • Usage: Commonly used in formal or humble speech.

   • Example:

     • こちらにお格好なお席がございます。 (Here is an elegant seat for you.)

2. これで (此で)

   • Meaning: With this; by this.

   • Usage: Often used to refer to completing an action or providing an explanation.

   • Example:

     • これで体験を終了です。 (This concludes the trial.)

3. 今度 (こんど)

   • Meaning: Next time; this time.

   • Usage: Used to talk about events in the near future or reflect on the current instance.

   • Example:

     • 今度はもっと深く勉強します。 (Next time, I will study more deeply.)

4. 何時も (なんじも)

   • Meaning: Anytime; always.

   • Usage: Indicates a continuous or habitual occurrence.

   • Example:

     • 何時も安全に注意してください。 (Please always be cautious.)

5. 第一 (だいいち)

   • Meaning: First; primary.

   • Usage: Used to denote importance or sequence.

   • Example:

     • 第一に重要なのは健康です。 (Health is the most important thing.)

6. 部長 (ぶちょう)

   • Meaning: Department manager.

   • Usage: Commonly used in business settings.

   • Example:

     • 部長は今朝から会議中です。 (The department manager has been in a meeting since this morning.)

7. 分かれる (わかれる)

   • Meaning: To part; to separate.

   • Usage: Refers to physical separation or emotional departure.

   • Example:

     • 久しくてら人と分かれているのは孤しい。 (It’s lonely to be apart from someone you’ve been with for a long time.)

8. 自分 (じぶん)

   • Meaning: Oneself.

   • Usage: Used for self-reference in various contexts.

   • Example:

     • 自分の想いを明確に伝えてください。 (Please express your thoughts clearly.)

9. 気を付ける (きをつける)

   • Meaning: To be careful; to pay attention.

   • Usage: Often used to offer advice or show concern.

   • Example:

     • 雨の日は道を水踏みに気を付けて下さい。 (Be cautious of puddles on rainy days.)

10. 究極 (きゅうきょく)

    • Meaning: Ultimate; extreme.

    • Usage: Used to describe something reaching the highest or furthest degree.

    • Example:

      • 究極の楽しさをもとめている。 (Seeking ultimate joy.)

How to Practice Lesson 20 Vocabulary

To effectively master this vocabulary, consider the following strategies:

1. Flashcards: Create flashcards with the word on one side and its meaning and example on the other. Review them regularly.

2. Conversation Practice: Incorporate the words into your daily conversations or writing exercises.

3. Listening and Reading: Watch videos or read materials where formal Japanese or similar contexts arise.

4. Quizzes: Test yourself with quizzes to solidify your understanding.

Conclusion

Lesson 20 of Minna no Nihongo enriches learners’ Japanese skills by introducing versatile and practical vocabulary. These words enhance polite speech and expand the range of expressions for describing situations, emotions, and actions. By practicing consistently and integrating these words into real-life scenarios, learners can build a strong foundation for further study and communication.