Minna no Nihongo Lesson 10 : Grammar and Vocabulary

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 10 focuses on describing the locations of people, objects, and places using spatial expressions and position-related vocabulary. It introduces essential grammar structures to tell what’s where and reinforces daily conversational skills. This lesson is perfect for mastering navigating and talking about your surroundings!

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 10 Vocabulary Practice.

Key Grammar Points

1. Describing Locations Using あります/います
   • あります: For inanimate objects.
     • Example: テーブルの上に本があります。 There’s a book on the table.
   • います: For living things.
     • Example: 公園に犬がいます。 (There’s a dog in the park.)
2. Position Words:
   • Examples:
     • 上 (うえ) – On/above
     • 下 (した) – Under/below
     • 前 (まえ) – In front of
     • 後ろ (うしろ) – Behind
     • 隣 (となり) – Next to
     • 中 (なか) – Inside
3. Using どこ (Where) and ここ/そこ/あそこ (Here/There/Over there)
   • Example:
     • 駅はどこですか？ (Where is the station?)
     • 駅はあそこです。 (The station is over there.)
4. Expressing Existence in Specific Places
   • Example:
     • 机の上に猫がいます。 (There’s a cat on the desk.)

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 10 Vocabulary

1. Position Words:
   • 上 (うえ) – Above/on
   • 下 (した) – Below/under
   • 前 (まえ) – In front of
   • 後ろ (うしろ) – Behind
   • 中 (なか) – Inside
   • 隣 (となり) – Next to
2. Places:
   • 学校 (がっこう) – School
   • 駅 (えき) – Station
   • 図書館 (としょかん) – Library
   • スーパー – Supermarket
3. Objects and Living Things:
   • 本 (ほん) – Book
   • 猫 (ねこ) – Cat
   • 犬 (いぬ) – Dog
   • テーブル – Table
   • 椅子 (いす) – Chair

Read More: Minna no Nihongo Lesson 1 Vocabulary

Kanji Introduced

• 上 (up/above)
• 下 (down/below)
• 前 (in front)
• 後 (behind)
• 中 (inside)
• 隣 (next to)

Conversations

1. Asking About Locations:
   • A: 本はどこですか？ (Where is the book?)
   • B: テーブルの上にあります。 It’s on the table.
2. Talking About Existence:
   • A: 公園に何がありますか？ (What’s in the park?)
   • B: ベンチがあります。 (There’s a bench.)

Teaching Materials

1. Textbooks and Workbooks

• Minna no Nihongo Textbook: Detailed grammar, vocabulary, and dialogues.
• Minna no Nihongo Workbook: Exercises for Practice.

2. Flashcards

• Position words, places, and objects for vocabulary reinforcement.

3. Visual Aids

• Diagrams showing position words with illustrations (e.g., a cat on a table for “上”).

4. Listening Practice

• Audio recordings of dialogues to practice intonation and comprehension.

5. Practice Exercises

• Fill in the blank sentences for location descriptions.
• Matching exercises for vocabulary and positions.

6. Roleplay Scenarios

• Simulate asking and giving directions using position words.

Practice Activities

A. Fill-in-the-Blanks

1. 猫は _______ にいます。 (The cat is under the chair.)
2. 机の _______ に本があります。 (There’s a book on the desk.)

B. Matching Exercise

1. 上 ( ) a. Under
2. 下 (b. Next to
3. 中 ( ) c. Inside
4. 前 ( ) d. On

C. Sentence Construction

1. (あります / 公園 / に / 机 / が)
2. (いぬ/ どこ/ です/ は)

Lesson Objectives

By the end of this lesson, learners will:

1. Use spatial expressions confidently to describe locations.
2. Understand the difference between あります and います.
3. Expand vocabulary related to positions, places, and objects.
4. Be able to ask and answer questions about locations.

Vocabulary

1. Places

• 学校 (がっこう) – School
• 駅 (えき) – Station
• 図書館 (としょかん) – Library
• スーパー – Supermarket
• 公園 (こうえん) – Park
• 病院 (びょういん) – Hospital

2. Position Words

• 上 (うえ) – On/Above
• 下 (した) – Under/Below
• 前 (まえ) – In front of
• 後ろ (うしろ) – Behind
• 隣 (となり) – Next to
• 中 (なか) – Inside
• 外 (そと) – Outside
• 近く (ちかく) – Near
• 遠く (とおく) – Far

3. Objects

• 本 (ほん) – Book
• テーブル – Table
• 椅子 (いす) – Chair
• 時計 (とけい) – Clock
• バッグ – Bag

4. Living Things

• 犬 (いぬ) – Dog
• 猫 (ねこ) – Cat
• 鳥 (とり) – Bird

5. Other Useful Words

• 何 (なに) – What
• どこ – Where
• あそこ Over there
• ここ – Here
• そこ – There

Grammar Points

for lesson 9, click here

1. あります and います
   • To describe the existence of inanimate objects.
     • Example: 本があります。 (There is a book.)
   • います: To describe the existence of living things.
     • Example: 犬がいます。 (There is a dog.)
2. Position Expressions with Particles
   • N1のN2にあります/います: To indicate location.
     • Example: 机の上に本があります。 (There’s a book on the desk.)
3. Question Forms
   • Using どこ to ask where something is.
     • Example:
       • 本はどこですか？ (Where is the book?)
       • テーブルの上にあります。 It’s on the table.
4. ここ/そこ/あそこ
   • Refers to locations relative to the speaker and listener.
     • Example:
       • ここは図書館です。 Here is the library.
       • 駅はあそこです。 (The station is over there.)

Conversations

A. Asking About Locations

• A: 駅はどこですか？ (Where is the station?)
• B: あそこです。 It’s over there.)

B. Describe the Location of Objects

• A: 本はどこにありますか？ (Where is the book?)
• B: テーブルの上にあります。 It’s on the table.

Teaching Materials

1. Flashcards

• Position words (上, 下, 前, etc.) and their meanings.
• Vocabulary for places, objects, and living things.

2. Visual Aids

• Illustrated charts showing positions of objects (e.g., a cat on a table for “上”).
• Maps or floor plans for practice with location descriptions.

3. Listening Resources

• Audio dialogues for practicing location-based conversations.

4. Practice Activities

• Fill-in-the-blank worksheets for sentences like “テーブルの_______に本があります。”
• Matching exercises for vocabulary and positions.

5. Roleplay Scenarios

• Simulate asking and giving directions using どこ, あります, and います.

Sample Practice Questions

1. Fill in the Correct Position Word:
   • 本は机の _______ にあります。 (The book is on the desk.)
   • 時計は壁の _______ にあります。 (The clock is on the wall.)
2. Match the vocabulary:
   • 犬 ( ) a. Chair
   • 図書館 ( ) b. Library
   • 時計 ( ) Clock
3. Rewrite the sentence using あそこ/ここ:
   • 駅はそこにあります。 → ______________________

Objectives for Learners

By the end of this lesson, learners will:

1. Confidently use location expressions and position words.
2. Ask and answer questions about the location of people, objects, and places.
3. Differentiate between あります and います for describing existence.
4. Build vocabulary related to daily surroundings.